Hepatic encephalopathy

What is Hepatic Encephalopathy?

Hepatic Encephalopathy (HE) is a brain disorder caused by liver dysfunction, where toxins (like ammonia) build up in the blood and affect brain function. It’s often seen in patients with advanced liver disease or cirrhosis.

Causes of Hepatic Encephalopathy

• Cirrhosis (most common cause)

• Hepatitis or liver failure

• Gastrointestinal bleeding

• Dehydration or constipation

• Infections

• Excess protein intake

• Certain medications (like sedatives)

Symptoms of Hepatic Encephalopathy

• Confusion or forgetfulness

• Personality or mood changes

• Difficulty concentrating

• Sleep disturbances

• Slurred speech

• Shaking hands (tremors)

• In severe cases: drowsiness, coma

Diagnosis Methods

• Liver function and ammonia blood tests

• Neurological evaluation

• Imaging (CT or MRI to rule out other causes)

• Psychometric tests (for mental function)

Treatment & Management

• Lactulose (to flush out toxins)
• Antibiotics (like rifaximin to reduce gut bacteria)
• Correct dehydration and electrolyte imbalance
• Treat underlying liver disease
• Protein control in diet (under supervision)
• Avoid sedatives and alcohol

Prevention Tips

• Take liver medications regularly

• Avoid alcohol and self-medication

• Prevent constipation and dehydration

• Treat infections promptly

• Monitor liver health with regular checkups

How Long Does Treatment Take?

Mild HE improves within days of starting treatment. Severe or recurring cases may need long-term care and regular monitoring.

Expert Hepatic Encephalopathy Care at NuMed Hospital

NuMed Hospital offers advanced care for liver-related brain disorders, including timely diagnosis, medication management, and supportive therapies for lasting recovery.