Eczema

What is Eczema?

Eczema, also known as atopic dermatitis, is a chronic skin condition that causes inflammation, redness, itching, and dryness. It can affect people of all ages but is most common in children. Eczema is not contagious but can be triggered by various environmental and genetic factors.

Causes of Eczema

• Genetics – Family history of eczema, asthma, or allergies
• Immune System Overreaction – Body’s immune system responds aggressively to irritants
• Environmental Triggers – Pollutants, allergens, pet dander, soaps, or detergents
• Weather Changes – Cold, dry air or excessive heat and sweating
• Skin Irritants – Harsh soaps, fragrances, wool, or synthetic fabrics
• Stress and Hormonal Changes – Can worsen symptoms

Types of Eczema

1. Atopic Dermatitis – Most common, linked to allergies and asthma
2. Contact Dermatitis – Triggered by direct contact with irritants or allergens
3. Dyshidrotic Eczema – Small, itchy blisters on hands and feet
4. Nummular Eczema – Round, coin-shaped patches of irritated skin
5. Seborrheic Dermatitis – Affects oily areas like the scalp (dandruff)
6. Stasis Dermatitis – Due to poor circulation, mainly on lower legs

Symptoms of Eczema

• Intense itching (especially at night)
• Red, inflamed skin
• Dry, cracked, or scaly skin
• Blisters or oozing (in severe cases)
• Thickened, rough skin from constant scratching

Diagnosis of Eczema

A dermatologist diagnoses eczema based on skin examination and medical history. In some cases, allergy tests or skin biopsies may be done to identify triggers.

Treatment for Eczema

• Topical Treatments – Corticosteroid creams, calcineurin inhibitors, or moisturizers
• Oral Medications – Antihistamines, antibiotics (for infections), or immunosuppressants
• Phototherapy (Light Therapy) – UV therapy to reduce inflammation
• Lifestyle Changes – Avoiding triggers, keeping skin hydrated, and managing stress

Eczema is a long-term condition, but with proper treatment and lifestyle adjustments, symptoms can be well managed.