Fissure

Fissure (Anal Fissure) and Its Treatment

An anal fissure is a small tear or cut in the lining of the anus, causing pain, discomfort, and bleeding during bowel movements. It is a common condition that can affect people of all ages and is often mistaken for haemorrhoids.

Causes of Anal Fissure

• Chronic Constipation – Hard stools and excessive straining can cause small tears in the anal lining.
• Diarrhea – Frequent loose stools can irritate and weaken the anal canal.
• Low-Fiber Diet – Lack of fiber leads to hard stools, increasing the risk of fissures.
• Trauma or Injury – Passing large stools, anal intercourse, or childbirth can lead to fissures.
• Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) – Conditions like Crohn’s disease may cause fissures due to chronic inflammation.
• Tight Anal Sphincter Muscles – Excess pressure in the anal canal can make healing difficult.

Symptoms of Anal Fissure

• Sharp Pain During or After Bowel Movements – A burning or cutting pain that may last for hours.
• Bright Red Blood in Stools – Blood may be visible on toilet paper or in the toilet bowl.
• Itching and Irritation – Persistent discomfort around the anus.
• Visible Tear in the Anal Canal – A small crack or sore may be seen near the anal opening.
• Muscle Spasms – Tightening of the anal sphincter, making bowel movements more painful.

Diagnosis of Anal Fissure

A doctor diagnoses an anal fissure through:

• Physical Examination – Checking for visible tears around the anus.
• Digital Rectal Examination (DRE) – A gloved, lubricated finger is inserted to check for tightness or pain.
• Anoscopy – A small instrument is used to examine the anal canal and rule out other conditions.
• Colonoscopy or Sigmoidoscopy – Recommended in cases of persistent bleeding to check for underlying diseases.

Treatment for Anal Fissure

Laser Treatment for Anal Fissure

A minimally invasive procedure using laser energy to heal fissures effectively.

• Less Pain & Faster Healing – Laser treatment promotes quick tissue regeneration.
• Minimal Bleeding – The laser seals blood vessels, reducing bleeding and infection risk.
• Outpatient Procedure – No hospital stay required, and patients recover quickly.
• Reduces Recurrence Risk – Helps relax the anal sphincter and prevents further tears.

Other Treatment Options

• Medications & Ointments – Nitroglycerin, calcium channel blockers, or steroid creams to relax the sphincter and promote healing.
• Sitz Baths – Soaking the anal area in warm water for relief.
• High-Fiber Diet & Hydration – Prevents constipation and reduces strain during bowel movements.
• Botox Injections – Temporarily relaxes the anal sphincter to allow healing.
• Lateral Internal Sphincterotomy (LIS) – A surgical procedure to cut a small portion of the sphincter muscle to relieve pressure.

Prevention of Anal Fissure

• Maintain a High-Fiber Diet – Eat fruits, vegetables, and whole grains to keep stools soft.
• Drink Plenty of Water – Prevents dehydration and constipation.
• Avoid Straining During Bowel Movements – Take your time and do not force stools out.
• Practice Good Hygiene – Keep the anal area clean and dry.
• Exercise Regularly – Helps regulate bowel movements and improve digestion.