Hyperpigmentation

What is Hyperpigmentation?

Hyperpigmentation is a common skin condition where certain areas of the skin become darker than the surrounding skin. It occurs due to an excess production of melanin, the pigment responsible for skin color. Hyperpigmentation is not harmful but can be a cosmetic concern for many individuals.

Causes of Hyperpigmentation

• Sun Exposure – UV rays trigger melanin production, leading to sunspots and uneven skin tone.
• Hormonal Changes – Pregnancy, birth control, and hormonal imbalances can cause melasma.
• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) – Dark spots left behind after acne, injuries, or skin inflammation.
• Genetics – Some individuals are more prone to hyperpigmentation due to hereditary factors.
• Certain Medications – Some drugs, like chemotherapy and antibiotics, can cause skin darkening.
• Underlying Medical Conditions – Conditions like Addison’s disease can lead to hyperpigmentation.

Types of Hyperpigmentation

• Melasma – Dark patches, usually on the face, triggered by hormones and sun exposure.
• Sunspots (Liver Spots or Age Spots) – Small dark patches caused by prolonged sun exposure.
• Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) – Spots left after skin injury or inflammation.

Symptoms of Hyperpigmentation

• Darkened patches or spots on the skin
• Irregular or uneven skin tone
• Spots may appear brown, black, gray, or reddish, depending on skin tone
• Commonly seen on the face, hands, shoulders, and other sun-exposed areas

Diagnosis of Hyperpigmentation

A dermatologist diagnoses hyperpigmentation through a skin examination and medical history. In some cases, a Wood’s lamp test or skin biopsy may be conducted to determine underlying causes.

Treatment for Hyperpigmentation

• Topical Treatments – Hydroquinone, retinoids, vitamin C, azelaic acid, or kojic acid
• Chemical Peels – Helps remove dark spots and promote skin renewal
• Laser Therapy – Targets and reduces melanin in hyperpigmented areas
• Microdermabrasion & Microneedling – Exfoliate and rejuvenate the skin
• Sun Protection – Daily use of broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 30 or higher) to prevent further darkening

Prevention of Hyperpigmentation

• Use Sunscreen – Protects against UV-induced melanin production
• Avoid Picking at Skin – Prevents post-inflammatory dark spots
• Use Gentle Skincare Products – Reduces irritation and inflammation
• Treat Acne & Skin Conditions Early – Minimizes risk of PIH
• Maintain a Healthy Skincare Routine – Hydration, exfoliation, and targeted treatments help maintain even skin tone

Hyperpigmentation is a manageable condition with the right skincare, treatments, and sun protection. Consulting a dermatologist can help determine the best approach for individual skin types.